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| Eastern Tiger Swallowtail and Painted Lady Butterflies with Nectar Flowers |
Creating a butterfly garden can be fun and rewarding. For starters, fragrance and color are the two factors that attract butterflies and basically two types of plants are needed; host plants, those that caterpillars feed on, and nectar plants, those that are a food source for adult butterflies. For example, the host plants for the of the eastern black swallowtail caterpillar are members of the parsley family; especially dill, fennel and carrots while the Monarch caterpillar thrives on Milkweed. Nectar plants on the other hand include a variety of plants for your garden that will supply a food source and inviting habitat for once the mature butterflies develop. I have comprised a list of fifteen recommended nectar plants hardy in zones 3-9 with descriptions to guide you in building your own butterfly habitat!
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| Echinacea purpurea 'Kim's Knee High'(Purple Coneflower) |
Hardiness: Zones 3-9
Height & Width: 18-24"
Growing Conditions: Full Sun in Moist, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: June-September
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| Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldstrum' (Black-eyed Susan) |
Hardiness: Zones 4-9
Height & Width: 24" Tall & Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun to Partial Shade, Moist Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: July-September
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| Buddleia Lo & Behold 'Blue Chip' (Dwarf Butterfly Bush) |
Hardiness: Zones 5-9
Height & Width: 3' Tall and Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Moist Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: Late Summer - Fall (July-September)
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| Gaillardia Goblin (Blanket Flower) |
Hardiness: Zones 3-9
Height & Width: 12-18"
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Medium-Dry Soil
Bloom Time: June-Frost
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Aster 'Woods Purple' (Michaelmas Daisy)
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Hardiness: Zones 3-8
Height & Width: 12" Tall & Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun & Moist Well-Drained soil
Bloom Time: Fall (August -September)
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| Monarda 'Marshall's Delight' (Bee Balm) |
Hardiness: Zones 4-8
Height & Width: 1-2' High By Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun-Partial Shade, Medium-Moist Soil
Bloom Time: July-August
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| Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssop) |
Hardiness: Zones 4-10
Height & Width: 5' Tall and 2' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Moist Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: Late Summer (August-September)
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| Phlox paniculata (Tall Garden Phlox) |
Hardiness: Zones 4-8
Height & Width: 4' Tall,1' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: Mid-Summer (June-July)
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| Nepeta faassenii 'Walkers Low' (Catmint) |
Hardiness: Zones 4-8
Height & Width: 2' High by 3' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun-Part Shade, Medium Moist, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: April-September
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| Coreopsis 'Zagreb' |
Hardiness: Zones 3-8
Height & Width: 18-24 "
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: All Summer (June-September)
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| Salvia nemorosa 'May Night' (Meadow Sage) |
Hardiness: 4-9
Height & Width: 18-24"
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: End of May-July
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| Achillea 'Moonshine' (Yarrow) |
Hardiness: Zones 3-9
Height & Width: 2-3' High by Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Medium-Dry Soil
Bloom Time: June-September
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| Perovskia atriplicifolia (Russian Sage) |
Hardiness: Zones 5-9
Height & Width: 3-5' High, 2-4 ' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Medium-Dry Soil
Bloom Time: July-October
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| Liatris spicata (Gay Feather) Hardiness: Zones 3-8
Height & Width: 2-4' High, 1-2' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: July-August
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Hardiness: Zones 3-9
Height & Width: 3' Tall by 3' Wide
Growing Conditions: Full Sun, Sand/Loam Well-Drained Soil
Bloom Time: Late Summer-Fall (August-October)
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| Monarch Butterfly on Buddleia (Photo: Richard Dressner) |
All these plants have proven to be effective in luring butterflies to the garden and once your garden is established you will find that you have the same butterfly visitors on a daily basis. If you are looking to develop a full butterfly, wildflower or cottage style garden I would recommend choosing five to seven plants depending on the size of your space and combine both warm hues (reds, oranges, yellows, pinks) with cool hues (blues, purples, lavenders) as companion plants. Group each of the same plant in masses for impact. Another option is to choose a few varieties of nectar plants and place them in different locations throughout the garden.
Personally I have a combination of each. In one section of the property I have several butterfly friendly plants in a cottage style perennial garden. In other sections I have single focal point and mass groupings of dwarf butterfly bushes along with coreopsis, nepeta and salvia. Depending on your location you may enjoy many species of beautiful butterfly visitors to your garden such as Swallowtail, Monarch and Painted Lady among others. Your butterfly habitat can fit into any garden style you choose. Simply select your favorite combination of host and nectar plants and the butterflies will be sure to come!
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https://www.facebook.com/AGuideToNortheasternGardening/
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My Books on Amazon:
A Guide to Northeastern Gardening: Journeys of a Garden Designer Zones 3-9
As Always...Happy Gardening!
